Mosby Medical Nursing And Allied Health Dictionary

Massage and the Autonomic Nervous System. BACKGROUND This essay was originally written for an Anatomy and Physiology A P course supporting my Diploma of Remedial Massage. For that reason the paper has a strong A P focus. My background is in psychology, not physiology, so, although I have read relatively widely in the preparation of this paper, I cannot guarantee the accuracy of every point covered. Important note for NSWSTM A P StudentsBACKGROUND This essay was originally written for an Anatomy and Physiology AP course supporting my Diploma of Remedial Massage. For that reason the paper has a. Clinical Guidelines, Diagnosis and Treatment Manuals, Handbooks, Clinical Textbooks, Treatment Protocols, etc. If you are currently studying anatomy and physiology at the New South Wales School of Therapeutic Massage, please be advised that the lecturer has requested that you dont read this essay, because of past issues with plagiarism. I was actually requested to remove the document from my website, however, I believe that it is each students responsibility to demonstrate integrity in researching and writing class assignments. QUESTION What general effects does massage have on the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine systemAlso discuss the general relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland and various target organs. Best Photo Editing Software For Photographers on this page. INTRODUCTION This essay explores the effects of a variety of massage approaches on the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. Swedish massage, energy balancing methods, aromatherapy, lymphatic drainage, Bindegewebsmassage, serial connective tissue massage and general deep tissue massage methods are all considered in answering the question. The aim is where possible to identify scientifically validated claims of massage as well as to explore the probable or perceived benefits massage may have. Bailliere-s-Nurses-Dictionary-for-Nurses-and-Health-818159-e3c34e99f0238872629c.jpg' alt='Mosby Medical Nursing And Allied Health Dictionary' title='Mosby Medical Nursing And Allied Health Dictionary' />In the words of Tritton, 1. Furthermore, the small amount of empirical research that does exist, more often than not, does not define the kind of touch or massage methodology employed, and massage is often rolled in with a range of other therapeutic methods Westland 1. Nevertheless, interest in massage as a valid means of therapy is on the increase and in particular in the West, where stress is one of the most commonly experienced states, massage has a clear role to play in reducing stress and helping people learn to recognise early stressful symptoms as compared with a more relaxed and less stressed state. With pharmacology, medical technology and the ever increasing depersonalisation of patients in conventional Western medicine, massage, and related healing approaches involving touching body work are rapidly on the increase. INTERACTION OF BODY SYSTEMS The human body is a finely tuned interaction of organs and systems. Mosby Medical Nursing And Allied Health Dictionary' title='Mosby Medical Nursing And Allied Health Dictionary' />Chyle k a l from the Greek word chylos, juice is a milky bodily fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, or free fatty acids FFAs. Lippincott Williams Wilkins LWW an imprint of Wolters Kluwer publishes scientific, technical, and medical content such as textbooks, reference works, and over. I have a pt w Parkinsons. She has dysphagia, high aspiration percaution, contractures and immobility. One of my diagnosis is Risk for impaired skin integrity. I wasn. Edner, quoted in Chaitow 1. As early as 1. 92. Heartman described changes in the connective tissue within the dermatomes of the heart. His findings demonstrated that these changes were associated with heart symptoms which subsequently cleared up upon treatment of this connective tissue Chaitow 1. Mosby Medical Nursing And Allied Health Dictionary' title='Mosby Medical Nursing And Allied Health Dictionary' />If this research is valid, then it stands to reason that massage soft tissue manipulation through improving circulation, nervous stimulation etc can have a marked effect on the body. Therefore assertions that massage can induce relaxation and stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system seem quite plausible. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ANS The autonomic nervous system ANS is a system of nerves and ganglia concerned with the distribution and reception of predominantly involuntary impulses to the heart changing its rate and force of beating, smooth muscle vasoconstriction or dilation of arterioles and glands increasing or decreasing their secretion. The Autonomic Nervous System is made up of two sub divisions the sympathetic and the parasympathetic. While the sympathetic nervous system serves all parts of the body, the parasympathetic Nervous System is confined to the head and trunk. The former is generally associated with the fightflight response while the latter is characterised by its role in sedating the body and restoring it to the resting state it was in prior to sympathetic stimulation. The ANS is a modifier of activity either increasing or decreasing it. ANS, but its rate of beating does not change as a result of excitement or fear levels. Anatomically, the autonomic nervous system differs from the somatic nervous system in that it has two effector neurones into the central nervous system. It also uses nor epinephrine nor adrenalin in addition to acetyl choline as a neurotransmitter. EFFECTS OF MASSAGE ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ANS To demonstrate the difficulty in getting an absolute answer on the actual rather than the deduced effect massage has on the ANS, quotes are provided from relatively up to date texts which attempt to objectively report the effects of massage. From there it is conceivable that these stimuli may disperse through the central and autonomic nervous systems producing various effects in any zones supplied from the same segment of the spinal chord. Such reactions are called reflex effects Tappan, 1. Massage bombards the skin and subcutaneous tissues with stimuli, and this not only produces a local effect but may exert either a stimulating or soothing effect on the body as a whole depending on the type of massage technique used Tritton, 1. Swedish massage, particularly effleurage and other slow stroking movements are thought to have a sedating effect leading to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Hard research about the actual role massage has here is not extensive, but it appears that massage may stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system stimulating the Vagus nerve to slow down the heart rate and increasing peristalsis Tritton, 1. Slowed breathing, reduced heart rate and increased abdominaldigestive sounds all suggest that this could be the case. However, in one study looking at the autonomic effects of a general back massage Barr and Taslitz, 1. The indices measured were heart rate, respiration, galvanic skin resistance, skin temperature, body temperature and pupil dilation. Another study Kisner and Taslitz, 1. The second control situation was no stimulation. In this study, both the connective tissue and the effleurage measures resulted in increased sympathetic activity, but the sympathetic activity was less pronounced in the effleurage group. While clients and practitioners subjectively observe relaxation and presumably parasympathetic effects from slow relaxing massage strokes, it is understandable that connected to wires and a variety of electronic monitoring equipment subjects would be more stressed and have greater sympathetic NS indicators than a trusting and private massage session. Faster, firmer and more percussive massage techniques are often used to revitalise and stimulate the client. Sports masseurs have to take care not to relax and slow a sports person prior to a race, and a careful balance of massage techniques are generally applied in pre event situations. Of course, most pre event massage is for the purpose of stretching muscles and increasing blood flow to the muscles being used in the event. A sportsperson who is tense and stressed may be calmed through a more soothing massage to a small extent. Massage also may cause vasodilation in the skin and muscles by stimulating receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. Deep tissue massage often leads to a sense of relief and peace during or after the event even if some of the deep tissue work is painful at the time of treatment. Research by Kisner and Taslitz, 1.